Help discover the potential of PRAME melanoma cell therapy through clinical research

The SUPRAME Phase 3 trial is testing an investigational treatment called anzutresgene autoleucel (anzu-cel, IMA203).* It is a one-time cell therapy made from a patient’s own modified immune cells that may help detect and destroy cancer cells that have a marker called PRAME.1 The goal is to see if anzu-cel can help patients with advanced melanoma live longer or slow disease progression.

A woman smiling in the sunlight
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Two men embracing

Find out if the SUPRAME clinical trial is right for you

To join the SUPRAME trial, you'll need to meet certain requirements.

Please reach out to the nearest clinical trial site for more information.

You may be able to join this trial if you:

  • Are 18 years of age or older
  • Have been diagnosed with advanced melanoma that is:
    • unresectable (cannot be fully removed with surgery) or
    • metastatic (has spread to other areas of your body)
  • Have experienced disease progression on or after treatment with a checkpoint inhibitor such as OPDIVO (nivolumab) or KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab)
  • Have a genetic marker called HLA-A*02:01, which can be identified with a simple blood test
    • This marker works together with the cancer protein PRAME to help anzu-cel recognize and target melanoma cells
    • Nearly half of adults are HLA-A*02:01 positive, and your status does not change over time4
  • Are in good enough overall health to take part in a clinical trial
  • Are willing and able to travel to the local study center for all 
study-related visits

Your trial healthcare provider can check if you fit these requirements. Please note this is not a full list of criteria for joining the study.

A man talking to his doctor while viewing a computer screen

Find a SUPRAME clinical trial location

The SUPRAME clinical trial is being conducted by select oncologists at specialized treatment centers to offer the trial. Each site’s coordinators can answer questions, explain the trial, and check eligibility.

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48.8741700198006
2.36968137031229
Assistance Publique Hopitaux De Paris, Hôpital Saint Louis
Not yet recruiting
Paris, France, 75010
40.7903877615576
-74.4657223230427
Atlantic Health System/Morristown Medical Center
Recruiting
Morristown, New Jersey, United States, 07960
Eric Whitman MD
eric.whitman@atlantichealth.org
43.5330236781174
-96.7130275029794
Avera Cancer Institute
Recruiting
Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States, 57105
Benjamin Solomon MD
Benjamin.Solomon@avera.org
605-322-6900
32.7906206166011
-96.779920988033
Baylor University
Recruiting
Dallas, Texas, United States, 75246
Charles (Lance) Cowey MD
49.2623361752307
-123.118927668964
BC Cancer - Vancouver
Not yet recruiting
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4E6
42.3470439049987
-71.1043740897521
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Recruiting
Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02215
David McDermott MD
dmcdermo@bidmc.harvard.edu
52.1744599019367
0.140917883919713
Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital
Not yet recruiting
Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 0QQ
50.6111237795605
3.03473815315949
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire De Lille
Not yet recruiting
Lille, France, 59000
52.532607872388
13.3807230846328
Charite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin KöR
Recruiting
Berlin, Germany, 12203
34.129315163888
-117.972810880722
City of Hope National Medical Center
Recruiting
Duarte, California, United States, 91010
Yan Xing MD
yxing@coh.org
41.5017305415888
-81.6161898723777
Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute
Recruiting
Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44195
James Isaac
isaacsj3@ccf.org
51.9110755778075
4.46815245507125
Erasmus Universitair Medisch Centrum Rotterdam (Erasmus MC)
Not yet recruiting
Rotterdam, Netherlands, 3015 GD
40.074243005975
-75.0879352781948
Fox Chase Cancer Center
Recruiting
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19111
Anthony J Olszanski, MD, RPh
Anthony.Olszanski@FCCC.edu
215-728-5673
47.6424938918633
-122.326133800339
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
Recruiting
Seattle, Washington, United States, 98109
Sylvia Lee MD
leesm@uw.edu
50.1274287999677
8.66757977837334
Goethe University Frankfurt
Recruiting
Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 60590
55.8819212363121
-4.31314114657897
Greater Glasgow and Clyde NHS, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Center
Not yet recruiting
Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 0YN
51.5007621217752
-0.118390004454831
Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital
Recruiting
London, United Kingdom, SE1 9RT
52.3497878048276
4.8254910397503
Het Nederlands Kanker Instituut-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Ziekenhuis Stichting
Not yet recruiting
Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1066 CX
33.5816459425439
-111.883169676364
Honor Health Research Institute
Recruiting
Scottsdale, Arizona, United States, 85258
Justin Moser MD
jmoser@honorhealth.com
480-583-7219
40.773674969056
-111.835090060763
Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah
Recruiting
Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, 84112
Siwen Hu-Lieskovan, MD, PhD
Siwen.Hu-Leiskovan@hci.utah.edu
48.7943674521324
2.34837963484408
Institut Gustave Roussy
Not yet recruiting
Villejuif, France, 94800
40.7736036884958
-73.9788102242107
Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone Health
Recruiting
New York, New York, United States, 10016
Maya Dimitrova MD
maya.dimitrova@nyulangone.org
212-731-6230
40.5680952711997
-75.5214488742638
Lehigh Valley Topper Cancer Institute
Not yet recruiting
Allentown, Pennsylvania, United States, 18103
42.3626390015619
-71.0683750377683
Massachusetts General Hospital
Recruiting
Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02114
Alexandra (Lexi) Haugh, MD, MPH
33.6585883004088
-111.954506468774
Mayo Clinic
Recruiting
Phoenix, Arizona, United States, 85054
Seetharam Mahesh MD
Seetharam.Mahesh@mayo.edu
44.0229770304217
-92.4669299306666
Mayo Clinic
Not yet recruiting
Rochester, Minnesota, United States, 55905
30.2677824091621
-81.4410970574583
Mayo Clinic Florida
Not yet recruiting
Jacksonville, Florida, United States, 32224
40.7913831405399
-73.9623333400851
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Recruiting
New York, New York, United States, 10065
James Smithy MD
smithyj@mskcc.org
28.1608827872688
-82.4007419454414
Moffitt Cancer Center
Recruiting
Tampa, Florida, United States, 33612
Lilit Karapetyan, MD, MS, FACP
40.0032611146543
-83.0329807168554
Ohio State University
Recruiting
Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43210
Richard Wu, MD, PhD
51.7499506996133
-1.21621286027896
Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital
Not yet recruiting
Oxford, United Kingdom, OX3 7LE
45.5286971223412
-122.613793845223
Providence Cancer Institute Franz Clinic
Recruiting
Portland, Oregon, United States, 97213
Matthew Taylor MD
Matthew.Taylor@providence.org
36.1538475066499
-86.8109357495648
SCRI Oncology Partners
Recruiting
Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37203
Meredith A McKean, MD, MPH
615-524-4461
37.4362019816479
-122.176200196095
Stanford Cancer Center
Recruiting
Stanford, California, United States, 94305
Alison Betof Warner, MD, PhD
allison.betof@stanford.edu
51.0577868137234
13.7753849007253
Technische Universitaet Dresden
Recruiting
Dresden, Germany, 01307
53.4297182884073
-2.2281328160184
The Christie NHS Foundation Trust
Not yet recruiting
Manchester, United Kingdom, M20 4GJ
51.4929947055375
-0.172895533710741
The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust
Not yet recruiting
London, United Kingdom, SW3 6JJ
29.707181837655
-95.3970970349768
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Recruiting
Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
Rodabe N Amaria MD
RNAmaria@mdanderson.org
346-723-9626
39.9479319974343
-75.1569153184659
Thomas Jeffersion University, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center
Recruiting
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19107
Rino Seedor MD
Rino.Seedor@jefferson.edu
215-847-7409
34.2252031525341
-118.344214148694
UCLA Hematology/Oncology
Recruiting
Los Angeles, California, United States, 90024
Bartosz Chmielowski, MD, PhD
bchmielowski@mednet.ucla.edu
32.8788629208122
-117.223068432208
UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center
Recruiting
La Jolla, California, United States, 92093
Gregory Daniels MD
gdaniels@health.ucsd.edu
37.7852560297175
-122.43953693204
UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center
Recruiting
San Francisco, California, United States, 94143
Adil Daud MD
adil.daud@ucsf.edu
35.9051713091249
-79.0506684186143
UNC Hospitals, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Recruiting
Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States, 27599
Stergios Moschos MD
stergios_moschos@med.unc.edu
919-843-7713
51.3386944162717
12.3784293108656
Universitaet Leipzig
Recruiting
Leipzig, Germany, 04103
50.697771542206
7.10224410689403
Universitaetsklinikum Bonn AöR
Not yet recruiting
Bonn, Germany, 53127
49.6015395840502
11.0104736145907
Universitaetsklinikum Erlangen AöR
Recruiting
Erlangen, Germany, 91054
51.4363282184248
6.98949738121114
Universitaetsklinikum Essen AöR
Recruiting
Essen, Germany, 45147
49.4222704944428
8.66731840491974
Universitaetsklinikum Heidelberg AöR
Recruiting
Heidelberg, Germany, 69120
49.9930732056099
8.25919962614382
Universitaetsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universitaet Mainz KöR
Recruiting
Mainz, Germany, 55131
53.221288563277
6.57693202630006
Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen
Not yet recruiting
Groningen, Netherlands, 9713 GZ
50.9245659945401
6.91949278385924
Universitatsklinikum Koeln
Recruiting
Cologne, Northrhine-W Estphalia, Germany, 50937
43.6586095576666
-79.390244401125
University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre
Recruiting
Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 2M9
Marcus Butler MD
Marcus.Butler@uhn.ca
53.5909876738508
9.97397736864725
University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
Recruiting
Hamburg, Germany, 20246
41.7987080126657
-87.6059696407708
University of Chicago Medical Center
Recruiting
Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60637
Daniel Olson MD
dolson2@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu
39.7423688181265
-104.840066227123
University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus
Recruiting
Aurora, Colorado, United States, 80045
Sapna Patel MD
720-848-0000
39.2881698785256
-76.624817816642
University of MD Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center
Recruiting
Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21201
Petra Hausner, MD, PhD
phausner@umm.edu
410-328-2567
25.7884841249293
-80.2144987900795
University of Miami - Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center
Recruiting
Miami, Florida, United States, 33136
Leonel Hernandez-Aya MD
l.hernandezaya@med.miami.edu
42.2773354890433
-83.7382607472092
University of Michigan
Recruiting
Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109
Leslie Fecher MD
lfecher@med.umich.edu
734-647-8921
41.2549878864016
-95.9759906472503
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Recruiting
Omaha, Nebraska, United States, 68198
Bhavina Sharma MD
bhsharma@unmc.edu
402-559-5692
39.9479001975299
-75.1927069184659
University of Pennsylvania, Abramson Cancer Center
Recruiting
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104
Tara Mitchell MD
215-662-7908
43.1234848811701
-77.6269134809075
University of Rochester
Recruiting
Rochester, New York, United States, 14642
Sahasrabudhe Deepak MD
deepak_sahasrabudhe@urmc.rochester.edu
50.9333717958226
-1.4344764449759
University of Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital
Not yet recruiting
Southampton, United Kingdom, SO16 6YD
32.812831498813
-96.8422515033747
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Recruiting
Dallas, Texas, United States, 75390
Sanjay Chandrasekaran MD
Sanjay.Chandrasekaran@utsouthwestern.edu
40.5573219207578
-79.9069115319667
UPMC Hillman Cancer Center
Recruiting
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15232
Diwakar Davar M.D.
davard@upmc.edu
412-623-7368
37.5471161190208
-77.454175232049
Virginia Commonwealth University
Recruiting
Richmond, Virginia, United States, 23219
Andrew Poklepovic MD
andrew.poklepovic@vcuhealth.org
41.3037167891763
-72.9345249364278
Yale Cancer Center
Recruiting
New Haven, Connecticut, United States, 06510
Michael Hurwitz, MD, PhD
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What to expect from the SUPRAME cell therapy clinical trial

SUPRAME is a Phase 3 clinical trial for people with advanced melanoma. This study is looking at how well anzu-cel works compared with current standard treatments for advanced melanoma. By taking part, you may gain access to a potential new treatment option. You may also play an important role in helping researchers and healthcare providers learn how this treatment may target cancer and potentially improve outcomes for people living with the disease now and in the future.

Below is an overview of what you can expect during the SUPRAME trial. Throughout every step, your safety and well-being come first.

Thinking about participating in the SUPRAME trial? Contact the nearest clinical trial site for enrollment details.

Your journey through the SUPRAME clinical trial

Understanding what to expect during the SUPRAME clinical trial can make you feel more confident about your decision to enroll. You can work with your oncologist to check your HLA status, which will help determine if you are a potential candidate for SUPRAME. This test will also be performed after signing informed consent.

A stethiscope
Screening
Red dotted arrow pointing down

Informed consent review

The first step in the study is to review the informed consent document with the study staff. This document outlines what to expect during the trial as well as potential benefits and risks. The study staff will review all study specifics with you and answer any questions you may have.

HLA-A*2:01 testing (blood)

To receive anzu-cel PRAME cell therapy, a healthcare provider first needs to confirm that you carry a specific genetic marker called human leukocyte antigen (HLA-A*02:01).

This marker works together with a cancer-associated protein called PRAME, allowing anzu-cel to recognize and target melanoma cells more precisely. The purpose of the HLA-A*02:01 test is to confirm that anzu-cel is a good match for your immune system.

The study team will order a confirmatory HLA test to confirm your status and eligibility for the trial.

Screening 

If you have the specific HLA genetic marker, you can continue with the screening process. This includes additional tests to confirm the trial is a good fit for you and that you do not have any serious medical issues that would make it unsafe for you to participate. 

As part of the screening process, you will also undergo additional testing, including: 

  • Vital signs and a physical exam 
  • Blood tests 
  • Lung and heart function tests 
  • CT scan

Leukapheresis 

After completing the additional testing outlined above the study staff will determine if you are eligible to continue the screening process. If you are eligible to continue, doctors will collect T cells from your blood in a process called leukapheresis (pronounced loo-kuh-fur-EE-sis).5 This step collects the immune cells that will become your personalized treatment. The procedure takes 4–6 hours and is usually done in an outpatient clinic, so you can return home the same day. 

Randomization into trial groups

If you are eligible for the SUPRAME trial, you will be randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: one that receives anzu-cel or a group that receives one of the currently available cancer therapies.

Abstract image of a cell
During the trial: patients randomized to anzu-cel
Red dotted arrow pointing down

If you are assigned to the anzu-cel group, you will begin the following treatment process. Each step is designed to prepare your body and your personalized cells for the best possible outcome.

Prepping with a short course of chemotherapy (4 days)

Before receiving anzu-cel, you’ll have a short course of chemotherapy (called lymphodepleting chemotherapy) at the hospital or outpatient center. This process, called lymphodepletion, helps prepare your body so the modified cells can work more effectively. You may feel tired or have temporary side effects like nausea or low blood counts, which can lead to an increased risk of infection.7 Your care team will monitor you closely during this time. After finishing chemotherapy, you’ll have two days to rest.

Receiving anzu-cel 

You will then receive a one-time intravenous infusion of your personalized therapy, anzu-cel, while in the hospital or treatment center. This therapy was created for you by modifying your T cells to include receptors that help them find and attack cancer cells with a marker called PRAME.6 Your care team will monitor you closely during and after the infusion to help manage any potential side effects and support your recovery.

Additional immune activation doses (10 days)

To help your immune system and support the activity of anzu-cel, you’ll receive low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) infusions once or twice a day for up to 10 days. Alternatively, your HCP may allow you to self-administer IL-2 at home.

An IV line
During the trial: patients randomized to standard-of-care
Red dotted arrow pointing down

If you are assigned to the standard-of-care group, you will begin the following treatment process. 

Healthcare provider selected treatment 

Your healthcare provider will determine together with you which of the available standard of care treatments is best for you. 

A document with a checkmark
After study follow-up for all participants
Red dotted arrow pointing down

Follow-up care 

After receiving treatment on either arm, you will be followed by your healthcare team. These follow-ups help your care team check your long-term health and may include scans and lab tests to see if your melanoma stays under control. Your healthcare team  will also use this time to look for any delayed side effects from the treatment.

How clinical trials protect your safety

Clinical studies are split into phases to keep the risks to participants as low as possible. In each phase, healthcare providers and researchers evaluate if therapies are effective and monitor for side effects. SUPRAME is in Phase 3, which means anzu-cel has demonstrated initial signs of efficacy and has been deemed safe for a broader group of participants.

There are many safeguards in place during each phase of a clinical trial to make sure you are protected. Although no one can predict how you will respond to anzu-cel, it has been shown safe and effective in others with advanced melanoma in an earlier-phase clinical trial.

Scientist in lab coat looking through a microscope

Why PRAME matters in the future of melanoma treatment

Advanced melanoma’s ability to evade the immune system can make it difficult for currently available therapies to treat. About 330,000 people worldwide are diagnosed with melanoma each year, and about 15% of those cases are advanced melanomas.8-11 Exploring new cell therapies that target cancer-specific proteins, like PRAME, is a critical step in potentially improving outcomes for patients living with advanced melanoma now and in the future.

At least 95% of cutaneous melanomas express PRAME, a protein that is present on the cancer cells but is rarely seen in healthy tissue.12 As a result, immunotherapies can use PRAME as a type of targeting system to help your body’s immune system find and destroy cancer cells.

By studying PRAME-directed cell therapies, healthcare providers, researchers, and participants are working together to develop new and effective treatment options for advanced melanoma.

Doctor having a conversation with older patient in a medical office

Immatics is creating
the next generation of cancer treatments

Immatics is a biotechnology company committed to making a meaningful impact on the lives of patients with cancer. We are the global leader in precision targeting of PRAME, a target expressed in more than 50 cancers. Our cutting-edge science and robust clinical pipeline form the broadest PRAME franchise with the most PRAME indications and modalities, spanning T-cell therapies and bispecifics.

Frequently asked questions

What makes PRAME cell therapy unique?
Red dotted arrow pointing down

Unlike treatments that use medicines or radiation to destroy cancer cells, cell therapies use living immune cells to target cancer. Specifically, T-cell therapies like anzu-cel extract a patient's own immune cells, adjust them to target specific proteins (like PRAME), and then return them to patients' bodies through a one-time infusion so they can actively hunt and kill cancer cells.

What are PRAME proteins, and what does PRAME positive mean?
Red dotted arrow pointing down

PRAME is a protein made inside cancer cells that helps them hide from the immune system. It has been found in more than 50 types of cancers that highly express PRAME (i.e. ovarian, endometrial, synovial sarcoma).

About 95% of cutaneous melanomas (a common type of skin cancer) express PRAME, which means they are considered PRAME-positive.12 Because PRAME appears so often in tumors and so rarely in normal cells, it has become an important target for new immunotherapies like anzu-cel that aim to help the body find and destroy cancer cells more precisely.

How does anzu-cel (IMA203) target PRAME? 
Red dotted arrow pointing down

PRAME is a protein made inside many melanoma cells. About 95% of cutaneous melanomas have it, but it is rarely found in healthy tissue.12 Because of this, PRAME acts like a marker that helps the immune system tell cancer cells apart from normal ones.

Anzu-cel (IMA203) is a personalized cell therapy developed by Immatics to target this marker. The process starts with your own immune T cells, which are collected from your blood and modified in a lab so they can recognize PRAME when it appears on melanoma cells. These cancer cells show small pieces of PRAME on their surface using a genetic feature called HLA-A*02:01 and anzu-cel is designed to find and attack cells that display PRAME this way.

Once your trained T cells, now called anzu-cel, are ready they are given back to you through a one-time IV infusion at the hospital. Your care team will monitor you closely during and after the infusion.

The SUPRAME clinical trial is studying whether anzu-cel can safely and effectively help people with advanced melanoma by teaching their immune systems to find and destroy PRAME-positive cancer cells more precisely.

How do I know if I have the HLA-A*02:01 genetic marker?
Red dotted arrow pointing down

The immune system uses special proteins called human leukocyte antigens (HLA) to help tell the difference between your body’s own cells and anything foreign, such as infections or cancer cells.

HLA-A*02:01 is one specific type of these immune markers. To join the SUPRAME clinical trial, you must have this HLA type, because it works together with the PRAME protein to help anzu-cel recognize and target melanoma cells.

The only way to know if you have HLA-A*02:01 is through a simple blood test that looks for HLA markers. Nearly half of adults have this immune type, and your HLA status doesn’t change over time.4 Your healthcare provider can help you find a hospital or specialty laboratory that can perform this test.

When should I consider enrolling in a PRAME cell therapy trial like SUPRAME?
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Many people living with advanced melanoma are first treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as OPDIVO® (nivolumab) or KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab). These medicines work by helping your immune system recognize and attack cancer cells.

However, sometimes the cancer can adapt and continue to grow even after this type of treatment. If that happens, you might consider the SUPRAME clinical trial, which is studying a new PRAME-directed cell therapy called anzu-cel (IMA203).

This trial is exploring whether anzu-cel can safely and effectively help people whose melanoma has not responded to—or has stopped responding to—immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Where can I learn more about the SUPRAME clinical trial?
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To find out more about the clinical trial and if you or a loved one qualify, contact a study coordinator at one of the SUPRAME clinical trial locations

What safeguards are in place to ensure clinical trials are as safe as possible?
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SUPRAME is currently being tested for safety. There are many safeguards in place to limit the risks of a clinical trial. Institutional review boards (IRBs) monitor trials for problems and ensure patients are protected. They can even stop a clinical trial if there are safety concerns. Additionally, participants have the right to leave a trial at any time for any reason.

If you have additional questions about the SUPRAME clinical trial, contact a clinical trial site.

*Anzu-cel (anzutresgene autoleucel, IMA203) is still being studied in clinical trials and is not yet approved by health authorities.

References

  1. Wermke, M., Araujo, D.M., Chatterjee, M. et al. Autologous T cell therapy for PRAME+ advanced solid tumors in HLA-A*02+ patients: a phase 1 trial. Nat Med 31, 2365–2374 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-025-03650-6
  2. Progression-free survival. NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. NIH National Cancer Institute. Accessed October 29, 2025. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/progression-free-survival
  3. Tolerability & Dosing. Friends of Cancer Research. Published August 19, 2025. Accessed August 20, 2025. https://friendsofcancerresearch.org/tolerability/
  4. Ellis JM, Henson V, Slack R, et al. Frequencies of HLA-A2 alleles in five U.S. population groups. Human Immunology. 2000;61(3):334-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0198-8859(99)00155-x
  5. ‌Leukapheresis. Cleveland Clinic. May 2, 2022. Accessed August 18, 2025. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/22926-leukapheresis
  6. CAR-T cell therapy. Mayo Clinic. Accessed August 18, 2025. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/car-t-cell-therapy/about/pac-20585020
  7. Preparing for CAR T-cell therapy. BMT Infonet. Accessed August 18, 2025. https://bmtinfonet.org/transplant-article/preparing-car-t-cell-therapy
  8. Skin Cancer. International Agency for Research on Cancer. World Health Organization. Accessed September 3, 2025. https://www.iarc.who.int/cancer-type/skin-cancer/
  9. Shirley CA, Chhabra G, Amiri D, et al. Immune escape and metastasis mechanisms in melanoma: breaking down the dichotomy. Front Immunol. 22024;15:1336023. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1336023
  10. Erdmann F, Lortet-Tieulent J, Schüz, et al. International trends in the incidence of malignant melanoma 1953-2008--are recent generations at higher or lower risk? Int J Cancer. 2013;133(2):385-400.  https:// https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22532371/ 
  11. Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, et. al. (2024). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Accessed October 6, 2025. https://gco.iarc.who.int/today
  12. McCarthy N. PRAME in the frame. Nat Rev Cancer. 2005;5:839. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc1747